Japanese Castle Trek：日本の城トレッキング

城区分：平城
重要文化財：表二の門・西南隅櫓・東南隅櫓・西北隅櫓・本丸御殿障壁画

The kind: Hira-shiro.
Important cultural property: Omote-Ni-no-Mon, Sei-Nan Sumi Yagura, Toh-Nan Sumi Yagura, Sei-Hoku Sumi Yagura, Hon-Maru Goten Wall painting

蓬左城、楊柳城、柳ヶ城、亀尾城、鶴ヶ城、金城といった異名を持つ。那古野と呼ばれた名古屋は、室町時代足利幕府の管領、斯波氏の領地だった。応仁の乱で斯波氏の勢力が衰えると、今川氏が尾張制覇の足がかりとして侵攻、柳丸を築き、一族の今川氏豊を城主とした。柳丸は1532（天文元）年頃、勝幡城主織田信秀に奪わる。信秀は生まれたばかりの息子信長を城主とし、那古野城と称した。1553（天文22）年、信長が清洲城に移った後、廃城となる。1600（慶長5）年、関ヶ原の合戦で勝利した東軍徳川家康は、なおも大坂に備えるための居城として清須城を選び、四男の松平忠吉を城主とした。1607（慶長12）年忠吉が死去したため、九男義直を城主にした。清洲城は城地が狭く、水攻に弱いなど軍備的にも万全でないため、新たな築城を計画。候補地として那古野城址があがった。家康自らこの地を視察し、藤堂高虎、小堀遠州らの設計で1610（慶長15）年、廃城になっていた那古野城の西で築城を開始。諸大名の力を消耗させるためと、忠誠心を確認する意味もこめて、加藤清正、福島正則、池田輝政、浅野幸長、黒田長政など西国の大名20諸侯に助役を命じての築城であった。各大名に持ち場を定め、工事の進行状況が比較できる方法で行われた工事は、わずか2年で天守が建ち、1614（慶長19）年にはほぼ完成を見た。また、織田家ゆかりの清洲から「清洲越し」と言われているように、町毎移住させて城下を築き発展させてる。1615（元和元）年には本丸御殿も建築。京都の二条城とともに日本を代表する書院造りの建物だった。当初、尾張初代藩主義直の住居と政務の場として使用され、その後、上洛殿を増築して将軍の宿舎に改まり、三代将軍家光が宿泊されたという。深い堀と桝形が設けられた門に守られた巨大で堅固な城は、明治までの約250年間、徳川御三家の筆頭尾張家の居城として栄えた。

1930（昭和5）年は、当時のままの天守や本丸御殿、門、櫓などが国宝に指定されたが、1945（昭和20）年の太平洋戦争で名古屋空襲により、一部櫓等を除き焼失してしまう。本丸御殿も焼失したが、移動可能であった襖、杉戸、天袋、天井板は戦災を免れ、1,047面が重要文化財に指定されている。現在の天守は1959（昭和34）年に再建され、「天下の名城」とうたわれ、「尾張名古屋は城でもつ」とまでいわれた名古屋のシンボルは、本丸御殿を復元し、かつての姿を取り戻すのを待っている。

Muromachi time. Nagoya was the territory of Mr.Suwa which had managed the territory of the Ashikaga government. When the influence of Mr.Suwa declined in the Onin no Ran, Mr.Imagawa invaded as a launch pad for the aggression against Owari. And Yanagi-Maru was built and the whole family's Imagawa Ujitomi was made into the daimyo with a castle. Yanagi-Maru is taken by 1532 age at Oda Nobuhide. Nobuhide called Nagoya-Jo by making Nobunaga of the just born son into a daimyo with a castle. It becomes the castle of ruins after Nobunaga moves to Kiyosu-Jo in 1553. Tokugawa Ieyasu which won by Sekigahara-no-Kassen which happened in 1600 chose Kiyosu-Jo as a castle where a feudal lord usually resides for increasing at any moment and preparing for Osaka, and made Matsudaira Tadayoshi of the fourth son the daimyo with a castle. Since Tadayoshi died in 1607, the ninth son Yoshinao was made into the daimyo with a castle. Since it was not thoroughgoing in armaments, it planned the production of a new castle that the site of Kiyosu-Jo is narrow and it is weak to the attack by water etc. The remains of Nagoya-Jo went up as a proposed site. Nagoya was inspected itself [ Ieyasu ] and construction was started in the west of Nagoya-Jo which had become 1610 of the next year at the castle of ruins. In order to exhaust many daimyos' power, the meaning which checks loyalty was also put and it was in charge of the construction the daimyo 20 of the country of west, such as Kato Kiyomasa, Fukushima Masanori, Ikeda Mitsumasa, and Kuroda Nagamasa, is ordered to perform. Construction was very early. Completion was seen mostly in only four years. It is made to emigrate the whole town, and the foot of the castle wall is built and is developed as called Kiyosu to "Kiyosu Goshi" connected with Ota familiar. Honmaru-Goten was also built in 1615. It was the building of the shoin-zukuri which represents Japan with NI-jo-Jo of Kyoto. It is used as the Owari founder's Han-syu Yoshinao dwelling, and a political place at the beginning, and after it, Mr. going up to Kyoto is extended, it is changed into a general's lodgings, and it is said that the third generation Shogun Iemitsu stayed. It prospered as a castle where a feudal lord usually resides of the Owari family of about 250 years to the huge and strong castle protected at the deep ditch and the gate in which the Masu form was formed, and a Meiji time, and the Tokugawa big three.

Tensyu with that time, Honmaru-Goten, Gate, Yagura, etc. were specified to be national treasures in 1930. However, Nagoya which suffered the air raid will be burned down by the Pacific War except for some castles. It is a thing in 1945. Although Honmaru-Goten was also burned down, Fusuma and Sugito where it was able to move, storage space above a close, and a ceiling board escape war devastation, and the 1,047th page is specified to be an important cultural property. The present Tensyu will be rebuilt in 1959, and is sung with "a noted castle under the sun", the symbol of Nagoya said till "having Owari Nagoya at a castle" restores Honmaru-Goten, and it is waiting to regain an once figure.